King Lear Final Paper Essay

1. The theme of this play is the relationship between parents and children. Show how Shakespeare handled this. As how Shakespeare portrayed the parent-child relationship, he diverted it in aspects of how their ruler, King Lear, was mistreated by his own children after his authority had been stripped from him. King Lear, as what took place in the play, divided his land among his three children depending on how they would be able to please him. As was not predicted by the king himself, his most beloved daughter wanted to answer him fairly for the reason that she did not want to inherit a part of his kingdom unjustly. On the other hand, the two remaining daughters of his only wanted his land, and therefore flooded the king’s ears with lies. The two villainous daughters of the king represent the children who mistreat their parents when they are not of any use to them anymore. So the ungrateful children banish their father to fend for his own while they yearn for more power. Furthe rmore, the youngest daughter of the king said the truth to her father, although it would hurt him, for the reasons that she respected her father enough to tell him the painful truth. In modern times, people call it â€Å"tough love†. Her honesty did get her banished from the land, but it is evident in the play that the daughter did not love him less for his foolishness and bitter actions afterwards. 2. Discuss the importance of the storm scenes.  The storm in the play represented the lowest points of King Lear’s life. When the king was mistreated by his two daughters, Goneril and Reagan, and shun by them, he was left out in the storm without shelter along with his fool. This scene in the play also represented his vulnerability because he had no one to run to. Luckily, Kent found him and took him in. He was willing to be taken in and cared for by his servant, since he had no power to say that he still had authority over Kent. Furthermore, the storm also represented his current state of mind and his emotions. Since he had lost all of what was his before, his mind was starting to become cloudy and his feelings were out of control. 3. Do you agree that Lear was â€Å"more sinned against than sinning†? Yes I agree that King Lear had paid more than enough for the sin he had committed against his daughter. The king only banished his most loving daughter, while he, himself, was banished by his two other ungrateful  daughters. I had once stumbled across a quote that said, â€Å"Karma hits twice as hard as the initial blow.† This is exactly what happened to the king. For the price of banishing his youngest daughter, the deed was returned twice the initial blow because it was done to him by his two elder daughters, Goneril and Reagan. 4. â€Å"This is not altogether fool, my lord.† Discuss the function of the fool in the light of the remark. This statement was released by Kent in Act 1, Scene 4, as to support what the fool was pointing out during his conversation with the king. The fool was the only one who’s criticism the king would listen to. In this conversation, the fool is trying to put some sense into the king’s head that he had turned away from everything that should have mattered to him the most, which was his beloved daughter, Cordelia, and the land he once ruled. Those decisions led him to lose the title of being a father and a ruler, which left him with a single title of which is only owned by a fool. As a result, this only made the king a bigger fool than the fool himself because at least the fool knew better than the king. 5. The language of poetry is a metaphor. Do you agree? Cite examples from King Lear. Yes, I agree that poetry is made up of metaphors as a form of expression. The use of exaggeration in a text gives emphasis, entertainment, and imagination, to the readers. Shakespeare used the metaphoric figure of speech throughout this particular work of his. One instance would be when the king described his two daughters as pelicans in the line, â€Å"’Twas this flesh begot. Those pelican daughters.†(Shakespeare, 141). This line signifies that the king described his daughters as animals, which is vile and cruel. Another example in the play was when the king compared himself as to how a dragon would rage seen in the line, â€Å"Come not between the dragon and his wrath.† (Shakespeare, 15). This sends the message to Kent that he should not enrage the monster that he already was any further.

“Mother’s Tongue” by Amy Tan Essay

1. Amy uses emotional appeals throughout her essay as she does in her first couple paragraphs. Amy says â€Å"I am a writer† to show that she simply loves to write down her mind and that is it. 2. Tan’s argument is simply referring to the somewhat embarrassment she has when people notice her mother’s broken English. As she goes on it begins to bother her to a point where she feels sympathetic for her mother. As she feels this, she uses emotional appeals such as personal experiences to further her argument. 3. She divides this essay into three sections to show the different styles or forms of English then how she feels a little embarrassed by her mother’s broken English then shows how people judge her and title her as ignorant or limited. In actually Amy’s mother is intelligent. She then goes into how her mother and any other limited English speaker is treated differently due to that. If there were no breaks then the three sections would still be clear. 4. Tan relatively gives much meaning behind her argument with her mother. That many foreigners are judged for their limited English and that American’s may have that problem with the judgment. That this is an issue that can open the eyes of anyone, whether they experience it or not. English III AP/ Period 5 9/15/13 â€Å"Mother’s Tongue† by Amy Tan 1. Amy uses emotional appeals throughout her essay as she does in her first couple paragraphs. Amy says â€Å"I am a writer† to show that she simply loves to write down her mind and that is it. 2. Tan’s argument is simply referring to the somewhat embarrassment she has when people notice her mother’s broken English. As she goes on it begins to bother her to a point where she feels sympathetic for her mother. As she feels this, she uses emotional appeals such as personal experiences to further her argument. 3. She divides this essay into three sections to show the different styles or forms of English then how she feels a little embarrassed by her mother’s broken English then shows how people judge her and title her as ignorant or limited. In actually Amy’s mother is intelligent. She then goes into how her mother and any other limited English speaker is treated differently due to that. If there were no breaks then the three sections would still be clear. 4. Tan relatively gives much meaning behind her argument with her mother. That many foreigners are judged for their limited English and that American’s may have that problem with the judgment. That this is an issue that can open the eyes of anyone, whether they experience it or not.

Food Addictions Essay

Food nourishes us and helps to create our bodies. However, certain substances that we eat as â€Å"food† can cause dysfunction within us and ultimately contribute to the destruction of our bodies. Although every seven years each cell in the body is completely new, we may still crave junk foods that seem to call to us with their sweet, salty, greasy temptations. It can be difficult to ignore theses naughty longings and make healthy choices about the good, more balanced nutrition that our bodies need. Why is it that we so easily give in to cravings for these sweet, savory, spicy junk foods—and soon after eating them, want more? This can be a challenging question, but is worth investigating. Along with the question of why do we like them so much is what can we do about it? The food group I am addicted to eating, yet later regret is sweets. In this paper I will discuss my cravings and how I can address them. The desire for sweets is unstoppable therefor my cravings never seem satisfied. Sweet foods and desserts saturate my taste buds with creamy, sugary, dainty, delicious, and overwhelming flavor. It could be the simple beauty and enticement of streusel cinnamon coating the top of fluffy donuts, muffins, and cakes which initiates the desire. Or it may be the hundreds of delicious, complicated layers that make up pastries, from tasty fruit-filled turnovers to chocolate ganache-filled croissants. My mouth waters over the thought of sensual custards, such as rich creme brulee. The delight of breaking the rigid layer of crystallized sugar with a spoon is like unwrapping a gift and reveals the silky smooth lavender vanilla bottom. Such tantalizing actions enrich the sensory consumption experience. The heady aroma and succulent taste only heighten the pleasure. Although my body feels expansive and â€Å"high† with the sugar and the rush of dopamine, I know that sugar has more negative, long-lasting physical and mental effects on my body than the temporary good feelings released from the sugar. When eating expansive foods, like ones that contain high doses of sugar, I almost experience a euphoric feeling. At the very least, an instant temporary satisfaction is a guaranteed. However, when taste buds are overwhelmed with intense sugary flavors, after the first few bites, they are unable to detect much else. Too much sugar actually desensitizes your taste buds. This is one of many costs of instant sugar gratification. Sweets interest me since they are something I don’t like to live without. Research tells us that sugar can be quite harmful in unnecessary amounts, yet it is my greatest addiction and driver of my desires. Due to this glaring contradiction, this addiction teaches me about myself, my cravings and temptations, my healthiness and my unhealthiness. Even after learning of the negative consequences of over-indulging in this habit, it is still often hard for me to moderate my behavior and make healthier food choices. This is what life is about: learning about yourself and the world around you, learning about your strengths and weaknesses, identifying the things you need to sacrifice for a better life and the importance of â€Å"quality over quantity† and â€Å"delayed gratification†. If I can overcome my cravings, by changing processed sugar for natural sweeteners, it will be my greatest accomplishment. For if I can change my own life and eating habits, I believe I can truly help other people in this world. Though sugars effects on my moods, body, and mind are revolutionary to me, unhealthy cravings are now a major focus in my culinary career. I plan to help educate people on health and wellness, how good nutrition can enrich lives.

South to North Water Transfer Project Term Paper

South to North Water Transfer Project - Term Paper Example Finally, with the advent of 20th century need for the development of this project was raised to its peak and hence South to North water transfer Project was first started in 2002and more than two routes of this project are being used to transfer water resources of south to north of the country. Scarcity of water has been a great issue in the region of china from centuries. History clearly depicts suffering of Chinese people in north regions and why this region remained undeveloped for long times; But, with the passage of time technology improved and population increased. This increase in population forced people to move to the outskirt areas with limited resources. Now people are living in north of China but were living miserable life due to scarce water resources. One major reason for this scarcity of water is that china is not connected to large water body from any of its sides other than frozen sea. The southern and eastern parts of china are greatly influenced by the monsoon winds from the Arabian Sea. These winds are having high level of water content which causes extensive rain in china but these winds reach northern and eastern parts of china only when winds are strong and monsoon season is at its peak. During weak monsoon winds, only southern and eastern areas are getting rains and northern and eastern parts remain deprived of summer rains. This scarcity of water has resulted in the destruction of strong dynasties in china because it leads to extreme drought and economic crisis. In order to overcome this scarcity of water Government of China planned for grand engineering project of transferring south water resources to north by spreading an amazingly design canal system. It has been planned that at the end this grand project will be able to transfer 44.8bn cubic meters of water to north each year. This is

Changes in the U.S Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Changes in the U.S - Essay Example There was further forced migration that constituted the internal slave trade, which carried black people from the Atlantic coast to the American South interior (Horton & Horton, 2005). According to Klein (2010), the initial experience of the group in America constituted mistreatment from the landowners and white Americans. They could be locked in stinking slave ships, and they lost freedom, and they were subjected long years of slavery that followed their stay in the United States. There used to be inhumane acts that caused a lot of suffering to the blacks before they could cope with life in a new environment. Over time, the experience of West Africans in the United States changed, especially with the realization that they needed to liberate themselves. The blacks gained determination to free themselves from dehumanizing circumstances, as they gained confidence that could eventually gain freedom. The American civil war resulted from the continuous efforts of slaves to be free from bondage. The migration of West Africans to the United States during the slave trade had significant impacts on life in the United States. The immigration of this group changed the United States in that it led to economic development, which was fuelled by the presence of cheap labor to work in the farms. Industrial revolution emerged from transatlantic slave trade since the slaves could provide the labor needed in industries. The immigration of West Africans to the United States also led to the rise of slums, which mainly comprised of the poor slaves. In addition, there emerged stratification and discrimination based on gender whereby African Americans could not access the privileges accorded to white Americans (Jalloh & Falola,

Introduction and Executive summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Introduction and Executive summary - Essay Example However, the architectural marvels and the grounds of the park fell into a state of disrepair in the eighties of the past century. The existing state of affairs has forced the authorities to have a relook at the best way to utilise the space. The site is optimally suitable for mixed use development of utilities/ structures type that can stand on their own but will undoubtedly benefit from the other product types within the development. Thus, the development team has arrived at the conclusion that the construction of office tower surrounded by smaller buildings housing a myriad of different retail uses and restaurants would utilise the site in the best possible way. Also minimum alterations would be done to some of the existing paths and walkways that contribute greatly to the overall character. Overall structure is planned in such a way so that the office building, which will be the centrepiece of the construction, would be placed in the centre so as to pull people inside. As per our estimates, mixed use development of the site would cost $79,905,200. While construction of residential structures would cost around $20,067,000, construction of office/hotel and industrial/retail structures and industrial/retail structure would cost around $74,000,000 and $21,990,600 respectively. Above incurred expenditure is forecasted to deliver an income of $18,301,356 / year. From residential structures alone the income is pegged at around $ 16,463,928. Income from office/hotel is forecasted at around $13,247,600 while that from industry/retail is estimated to be around $4,789,828. Utopia Development is keen to develop this site since its development coincides with the company’s aim of promoting the overall usability and utility of specific areas while also retaining its historical flavour. Utopia Development not only has the will and experience to do

The Management and the Competitors of Sainsbury's Company Term Paper

The Management and the Competitors of Sainsbury's Company - Term Paper Example According to surveys, Sainsbury’s is one of the largely respected brands in the whole of Britain. Two young people- Mary Ann Staples and John James Sainsbury started the company in 1869. Their business was an instant success and more and more branches were added to their repertoire. Their business was based on the model of offering quality products at low prices. The company led much importance on the quality of products and organized thorough training of their staffs. In 1971, the company changed its name by eliminating the initial J and subsequently in 1973, it became a public company. Increase in competition led the company to open up diversified stores consisting of grocery items and other retail products. Sainsbury’s has cemented its position as a market leader by acquiring other chain stores and entering into newer markets like USA and Scotland. The introduction of self-label products also helped to increase the profitability of the corporation (J Sainsbury plc, n .d.). Sainsbury’s have succeeded in maintaining its position when all other family-owned businesses have fallen through with its dedicated management and innovative techniques. This augurs well for the prospect of the company. Sainsbury’s have entered the field of retail banking as well.   Sainsbury’s have chartered into international markets from its base in Britain. Therefore, it faces competition from different companies in the countries they operate. In the supermarket category in the UK, it faces tough competition from Tesco, Asda, and Safeway. Sainsbury’s operate in the US by holding the Shaw’s retail chain. It operates in New England in the US and the main competitors there are Ahold’s stop & shop and Hanford’s stop & save.

Argument for and Against Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Argument for and Against Education - Essay Example Such oppositions of education are because of the numerous ineffective educational institutions existing today. These educational institutions have compromised the quality of education and have only opened people’s eyes, but completely closed their minds. This is a worrying situation, as today’s education systems have not achieved their full potential of empowering people’s mind and soul. Our education systems therefore play an important role in hindering the purpose of education today. Nonetheless, education is the main factor that encompassing our lives today. It is instrumental in the stimulation of the human mind, as well as turning inquisitive minds into intellectuals. Institutions of higher learning advance the intellect to a higher level, providing them a deeper understanding of the world around us. The benefits of education are all encompassing, including intellectual, social, and emotional benefits. However, Veblen (1957, p.139) argues that in the busines s world, there is no need for education, basing on confessions of prominent business people, who regarded higher learning as a hindrance, which does not help anyone with successful business aspirations. To him, the money culture, and customer-oriented pervasions of education values have commodified education, measuring its worth by monetary units. This reduces education to nothing, and prevents students and teachers from pursuing knowledge freely, as they only pursue academic credits. Commodification of education in the institutions of higher learning today is an issue that has portrayed education in a negative life. This is what makes most people argue against education today. In today’s age of financial greed, many institutions of higher learning... This essay stresses that our present society has evolved into the culture of materialism and the love for money. This culture has found its way into the learning institutions, thereby causing the commodification of education and the commercialization of researches, thus compromising the quality of education in these institutions. This unfortunate situation in our higher learning institutions is not reason enough to disregard education. This paper makes a conclusion that the role of education and its numerous social and economic benefits in society cannot be denied. Education is a known means to poverty eradication and development. Today’s technological advances and economic development are a result of education. Education remains the only basis for future development. Education programs therefore need to be fully funded, as this is a worthy investment for any country. Redefinition of education to capture its original purpose is necessary today. Governments should be devoted to providing support systems for revamping of their education systems. We need to take our educational systems to their old days, when they upheld values and served their function. This way, the function and quality of education today will be enhanced. However, this should be a collective role for both government and the public. The public should know the requirements of education, and not allow these to be violated by politicians or the media.

Starbucks case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Starbucks case - Essay Example Both the issues have emerged as vital ingredients of success that influence customer purchase behaviour and challenge the status quo of companies that becomes complacent in its performance and growth. The decision of Starbucks to diverse its business interests was primarily aimed at exploiting new opportunities for gaining market leverage. Coombe and Georghiou, (2002) assert that model of network relationship provide firms with plethora of informed choices for enhancing their performance outcome. Forging strategic business alliances become necessary business tools in the ever expanding and competitive global environment. In the fast transforming business dynamics, firms, therefore, are increasingly adopting new ways to meet the challenges of the evolving business compulsions. Changing preferences become one of the major motivating factors for fostering alliances as it helps firms to add value to their existing products and at the same time, helps them to diversify and maintain leverage against their rivals. Hence, Startbucks has bright future prospects and Poole should hold on to the Starbucks stocks. (words:

Interview 1 member of the clergy and 1 academic counselor who both Assignment

Interview 1 member of the clergy and 1 academic counselor who both interact with college students Research strategies for self-m - Assignment Example Most college students face various life challenges, especially when they are fresh in college because college life is a transition phase from dependence to independence. It is during college life that new students have to make independent decisions, manage finance and time, interact with people from various social backgrounds and develop their identity. Therefore, college students face emotional, psychological and spiritual challenges. In the two interviews that involve one member of the clergy and an academic counselor, I will evaluate emotional, psychological and spiritual needs of college students. Information obtained from research on strategies for self-management, time management, and learning for college students will be incorporated with the information obtained from the two interviews to create a plan that will meet the emotional, psychological, and spiritual needs of college students. What are the Spiritual Needs of College Students? In an interview with a member of the cle rgy on the emotional, psychological and spiritual needs of college students, it was revealed that college students have various spiritual needs. The clergy, having worked in the institution for several years, has been interacting with college students. ... He confirmed that freshmen need a place to worship. The clergy further said that the place of worship that most college students need should enable them to connect with people with whom they share their faith. This is because college students need enhance their spiritual growth while in college. Do senior college students also have spiritual needs? The clergy respondent to the question by emphasizing that senior college students also have spiritual needs, only that the location and details about place of worship is not a challenge to them because they have stayed for sometime, and they have sufficient knowledge. Given that most people in college have upgraded their thinking, and have learnt some abstract new concept, as students interact with others and instructors, their previous religious beliefs may be challenged and put on inquiry. As result, these senior college students need a place where they can learn about spiritual truth to enhance their spiritual health and overcome any ch allenges to their spiritual beliefs that may be misleading. Senior college students also need to know the truth so that they can make right decisions on the spiritual paths to follow, upon getting sufficient information. The clergy further noted that during his long term service in the institution he had made significant observations. During his interactions with college students, the clergy observed that college students need a stable environment and people to explain and show them the love of Jesus so that they feel they have a place to belong, when it comes to spirituality. What are the Emotional Needs of College Students? My main objective was to

Unit Assessment 3 professionalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Unit Assessment 3 professionalism - Essay Example These interactions create relationships. Each state in the US has its own laws concerning discrimination. For any company, it is important to maintain a workplace that is free from any type of discrimination. Workplace harassment and discrimination may reduce productivity and lowers the employees’ morale. It is, therefore, very important for both management and the staff to work together to reduce this vice. To reduce workplace discrimination and harassment in the workplace, employees can ask the management to put in a formal complaints process just in case there is not one. Employees should not let things go out of hand and should seek assistance from their supervisor or the human resource department if they witness a case of workplace discrimination or harassment. In addition, employees gets hired into an organization they should go through the policies laid down so as not to participate in any acts that may seem like harassment or discrimination. Employees should always report any forms of harassment or discrimination through the proper channels so that employers can deal with the cases and reduce cases of lawsuits and low productivity. According to DuPont (1998), everyone in a n organization should always be professional. For the most, part we notice different thing about people. According to Nelson (2004), one main aspect that we notice about others is their age. Some people may form prejudicial opinions based on this. Most employers are prejudiced when it comes to the older generation. An employee may feel as though they are being discriminated against due to their age when a promotion that they feel they were meant to get is given to a younger employee who does not have the necessary skills to take up that position. The employee may have the necessary skills and more than enough work, experience and still be passed off during an offer for a

Democratic Consolidation in Nigeria Essay Example for Free

Democratic Consolidation in Nigeria Essay This development was heralded as an avenue to usher in democratic stability and good governance. However, contrary to widespread expectations, the post-military regime became an avenue for the explosion of violent ethno-religious conflicts in Nigeria. As a matter of fact, since the emergence of democracy in May 1999, not less than one hundred ethnically and religiously instigated conflicts have occurred in Nigeria which resulted in loss of lives and unquantifiable material and psychological damage. Drawing from documentary research and findings, this paper probes the persistent spate of ethno-religious crises in Nigeria and its harmful implications on democratic consolidation in Nigeria. It investigates the history, causes and manifestations of ethno-religious conflicts in Nigeria and maintains that unbridled lust for power, corruption, religious intolerance and the failure of the government to deliver democratic dividends, have resulted in these conflicts between ethnic and religious groups in the country. In the light of all these then, can democracy thrive in an atmosphere of crises? Can Nigeria come out of ethno-religious conflicts? If so, what steps can the government take to rein in the menace of these crises? Finally, the paper provides submissions for curbing this social epidemic, which has become a permanent feature of the Nigerian social polity. Keywords: Nigeria, Ethno-religious, Crises, Democracy, Development Introduction Democracy could be said to be a seed: when you sow bountifully, you reap bountifully. Thus, one of the dividends of democracy, which Nigerians have reaped in abundance since the transfer of power from the military to the civilians on May 29, 1999, is the rising wave of ethno-religious conflicts with devastating and untold consequences on lives and property (Jega, 2007: 116). Nigeria is a very populous nation in Africa with diverse cultural heritage. In fact, the country has a population of over 140 million and over 400 ethnic groups belonging to different religious sects as well (Salawu, 2010: 345). Since the attainment of independence, Nigeria has remained a multi-ethnic nation, which has been grappling with the problem of ethnicity on the one hand and that of ethno-religious conflicts on the other hand. At the inception of independence, for administrative expediency the various ethnic factions were fused and merged together by the colonialists. Then, the colonial masters left and things started falling apart, the center no longer held. No ethnic group desired to see the other. Little wonder then that the former Secretary of State at the British Colonial Office (1952-1959), Sir Peter Smitters regretted the action taken by the British to merge diverse ethnic groups into one in Nigeria. According to Ali (2004) cited in Adebayo (2010: 214), he was reported to have lamented that it was extremely dangerous to force diverse radical and social entities into single rigid political structure. However, that statement was medicine after death; the deed had been done. Indeed, a conglomerate of almost four hundred ethnic groups, each having its distinct history, language, culture and political systems before the colonial rule, all preserved in mitigated forms with the British system of governance super-imposed and named Nigeria really had future implications for unity. The colonial administration, for administrative convenience, compressed and merged the various ethnic groups in their respective regions, making Hausa/Fulani, Igbo, and Yoruba the major ethnic groups and reinforced the three political/administrative divisions – the north, the east, and the west, under appropriate constitutional arrangement. At independence and post independence era, the status-quo of the colonial era was retained under that infantile freedom, with every group retaining its tradition, language, and culture while sharing the common central institutions in a federal arrangement (Adebayo, 2010: 214). As a result, these major ethnic groups, because of their opportunistic positions were seen as consistently dominating the political and economic scene before and after the attainment of independence in 1960 and this led to agitations for state creation by the other â€Å"minor† ethnic groups who saw themselves as the marginalized groups. However, the more states were created, the more the complaints of marginalization and inequality by the new minorities against the new majorities in each state (Abdullahi and Saka, 2007). Consequently, the proliferation of ethno-religious and political turbulence in the country is therefore necessitated on the one hand by cultural, communal and religious differences and on the other hand by fear of domination nursed by the minority groups. As if what constitutes the federalism is not satisfied, there have been agitations for reversing back to the old regional autonomy of the different groups for the purpose of determining the pace of their development and control of their respective resources. These pernicious phenomena of ethnicity and religious intolerance led to the incessant surge of ethno-religious conflicts, which gave birth to the many ethnic militias today like the O’dua People’s Congress (OPC) put in place by the Yoruba in the south-western part of the country to fight for the protection and defence of Yoruba in Nigeria; the Movement for the Actualization of the Sovereign State of Biafra (MASSOB), fighting for the cessation of the Igbo ethnic tribe in Nigeria; the Bakassi Boys; the Egbesu Boys; the Ijaw Youth Congress (IYC), the Igbo Peoples’ congress (IPC); the Arewa People’ Congress (APC) and the Ohaneze Ndigbo among others. This might probably be the feeling of Elaigwu (2005: 12) when he writes †¦the violent protests in the Niger-Delta over perceived injustice in resource distribution; the Itsekiri-Ijaw violence in the Delta; the resumption of the Ife-Modakeke communal violence; the menace of Odu’a Peoples’ Congress (OPC) and the accompanying violence in Lagos and Shagamu areas; the formation of the Arewa Peoples’ Congress (APC) and the Igbo Peoples’ Congress (IPC); the MASSOB feeble attempt to resuscitate Biafra; the Sharia crisis and the demands for a confederation; the South-South demand for the control of its resources; and all the recent interethnic/religious conflicts in various states across the country are all part of the bubbles of the Nigerian federation. They are based on the historical structures of mutual fears and suspicions among Nigerian groups in a competitive process. They reflect dissatisfaction of Nigerian groups with the state of the federation. With the emergence of all these ethnic militias and the deep divide between the various ethnic groups, religious intolerance became more violent and bloody with more devastating results using the ethnic militias as the executing platforms of ethno-religious agenda. Federalism thought to be an approach to national unity, resulted to anarchy in the country. A number of steps were taken to at least mend the disunity and disarray prevalent then and promote unity among the various ethnic groups. These included the establishment of federal institutions in some states of the federation, promotion of national cultural and sporting activities, and, more significantly, the National Youth Service Programme (NYSC), just to mention a few (Adebayo, 2010). Although these steps yielded pockets of successes in achieving national unity, the â€Å"unholy† marriage of convenience of the ethnic groups still begs for irrevocable divorce. While the ethnic rivalry held sway, religious pluralism, which culminated in many crises, shook the country to its very roots. The pernicious effect of this trend is not entirely surprising given the fact that religion is so sensitive to Nigerians that many are not only ready to defend it at all costs, but are ready to die for it. Hence, religious pluralism which resulted in religious intolerance was fused with ethnic rivalry, producing the recurrent spate of ethno-religious crises. And because of the violent nature of ethno-religious conflicts, which often take the form of riots, sabotage, assassinations, lynching and maiming, kidnappings, armed struggles, guerilla warfare and secession in Nigeria, they undoubtedly pose dangerous threats to democracy in Nigeria and Africa as a whole. Yes, as Jega (2007: 116) truthfully stated, the genetically engineered seeds of democracy planted by our colonial masters and further successive military regimes have grown to mature crops for harvest. Instead of democracy yielding peace, stability and security to lives and property, it seems to have yielded a return, full circle spate of ethno-religious conflicts and violent eruptions. Thus, the discussion of ethno-religious conflicts in whatever context becomes all the more necessary given the fact that there is a phenomenal recurrence of these conflicts around the nation thereby increasing its threat level to democratic consolidation in Nigeria. It is against this backdrop that this paper attempts to probe the history, manifestations and implications of ethno-religious crises in Nigeria since the dawn of democratic dispensation. Causes of Ethno-Religious Crises in Nigeria According to Awolowo (1990: 35), the notion of Nigeria as â€Å"a mere geographic expression† was engendered by the forceful packaging by colonial authoritarian fiat of unwilling communities of diverse origin and culture under the same polity. Consequently, relations and political behavior of the peoples are characterized by mutual suspicion and invidious hatred since they are strange bed-fellows, who were only coerced into the nation-state via amalgamation. Until 1960, Nigeria was a British colony. Like most colonies, it was not constructed for internal coherence, but rather for the administrative convenience of the British (Shively, 1997: 39). Over 400 different languages and dialects are spoken within its borders, and there is also an important religious split, as the north is primarily Muslim and the south is predominantly Christian, making her not only at ethno-religious crossroads but also at linguistic crossroads. As diverse as these ethnic groups are, they are also not accommodative of each other’s religion and professions of faith. This state of intolerance has added up to fuel the spate of crises in Nigeria. It should be noted that religion has always been the platform for frontal expressions of ethnic aggressions and conflict. Hence, ethnocentric politics, sectional solidarity and primordial interests became prominent features in the nation’s political practice. Sectional and individual virtues and interest rather than collective virtues and national unity are advanced and exalted. Thus, communal orientation precluded any attachment to the state and the syndrome of the ‘son of the soil’ took preference over merit and competence in the choice of policies and leaders. Although as Obasanjo and Mabogunje (1992: 4) aptly observed, colonialism provided scaffolding of holding the different communities together, not much change was achieved in altering communal mentality and predilection. Nonetheless, the persistent military incursion into government and politics did much harm for the body polity as national issues was mostly tribalized and primordial virtues extolled. These regimes had primordial outlook and sub-national mentality under which the northern part of the country was favoured brazenly, on one hand, and the southern part was deliberately dealt with in terms of appointments, contracts, location of government establishments, political oppression and repression as well as provision of social services and infrastructures. As a result, ethnic sectarianism has left a trail of destructive violence and even threatened the territorial integrity of Nigeria (International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance, 2001). Indeed, after long years of authoritarian rule, when the military clique and their civilian collaborators privatized the Nigerian state (Ukiwo, 2003), politicians in the emergent Fourth Republic were all too anxious to claim control of the state and its oil wealth as well. This thus led to an unbridled competition for political relevance and spheres of interests among politicians, especially in the context of the division of the country into geopolitical zones, states and local governments and the fact that distribution of benefits among the political class depended on the ability of each member of the ruling class to deliver his constituency. This lust for power has led to the neglect of the needs of the masses and the demand for peaceful co-existence. Instead, the rulers continue to enrich their pockets through corrupt dirty means and seek for elongation of tenures for selfish gains. In the circumstance, ethnicity, religion and other sectarian identities are exploited, resulting in avoidable violent conflicts among component units of the country. The persistence of mass poverty and increasing income inequality, largely as a result of the transformation of the fortunes of politicians and their allies from jobless neighbors to emergency billionaires in less than two years after capturing power, have deepened popular alienation. It has also called into question the legitimacy since 1999. Consequently, some of the easiest things to do in contemporary Nigeria are to mobilize an assassin, vigilante, ethnic-cum-religious militia, rioter, crowd or rented pro-government demonstrator. The result could only be imagined. The power lust of the political cliche is one of the perceived causes of ethno-religious crises in Nigeria. Another reason responsible for ethno-religious crises in Nigeria is the wrong interpretation by those who claim authority to the understanding of the holy books. If not so, one wonders why people act contrary to the teaching of the holy books (whether the Quran or the Bible) in matters pertaining to peaceful co-existence, unity and sanctity of life, and property. As it is a serious disease for someone who does not have a full grasp of the interpretation of any of the holy books to claim authority to knowledge, many of the so called ‘religious leaders’ use their shallow knowledge to put up interpretations to suit their selfish ends banking on the ignorance of their followers. Lamenting on the wide gap between the teaching and practice of religion among its adherents, Adebayo (2003) cited in Adebayo (2010: 219) identified some factors responsible for using religion as instrument of polarization, among which is leadership tussle, which also culminated in the proliferation of many denominations in the country. Also, sectarian jingoism, as well as excessive patriotism to one’s religious sect, which consequently transformed to fanaticism, is another major factor contributing to this social menace. Salawu (2010) also noted that the failure of the Nigerian leaders to establish good governments, forge national integration and promote what can be called real economic progress, through deliberate and articulated policies, has led to mass poverty and unemployment. This has resulted into communal, ethnic, religious and class conflicts that have now characterized the Nigerian nation. Poverty and unemployment have therefore served as nursery bed for many ethno-religious conflicts in Nigeria because the country now has a reservoir of poor people who warmongers as mercenary fighters. What this means theoretically is that poverty and unemployment increase the number of people who are prepared to kill or be killed for a given course at token benefit. This explains why all ethno-religious crises that ever occurred in Nigeria have a large turnout of people (including the under-aged) as fighters. Lastly and very importantly, and not the least, the ethno-religious conflicts in Nigeria also have some historical antecedent (Salawu, 2010). This is because many governmental actions during the colonial rule and after independence encouraged, to a large extent, the sowing of the seeds of ethno-religious conflicts that are found to be rampant in the Nigerian nation today. Over the years, many events in Nigeria have led to the politicization of mistrust, intolerance, violence and acrimonious relations between the mainly Moslem north and the Christian south of Nigeria. To this extent, there has been an unfortunate insertion of ethno-religious discrimination and incompatibility in the structures of the Nigerian State since the colonial period. The political events of the January 15, 1966 coup and the July 1966 counter-coup further entrenched ethno-religious configuration in Nigeria. This is because the killings and counter-killing that followed the coups which took ethnic and religious colorations as the Muslim dominated tribes in the north were set against the Christian-dominated tribes of the southern region.

Leadership Qualities That Rely on Five Principle Actions

Leadership Qualities That Rely on Five Principle Actions Akhil Reddy Leburu Abstract This paper explains the leadership principles that are proposed by James Kouzes and Barry Posner. The leadership qualities were described as per the five principles followed: Leaders challenge the process, Leaders inspire a shared vision, Leaders enable others to act, Leaders model the way, Leaders encourage the heart. The ethical behavior and social identity are briefly described. Keywords: Ethical behavior, Social identity Leadership Qualities That Rely on Five Principle Actions The five actionable qualities are main roles that leaders should acquire given by the author. Leaders plays an important role in the company who leads the team and assign the tasks to team members per their skills or department. He/she should take the responsibility of the team members. The influential roles that a leader should obtain are given below. We are going to discuss about the five principles that are required for a leader. In this discussion, Im giving real time examples to describe how each principle can be effected on real world situation. Leadership Challenge the Process Inspiring innovation and leading change call for more than process- they require the adoption of a cultural mindset (as cited in Forbes by Mike Myatt). The leader should challenge the foundation if the vision and core values are shaky. Challenging the promise keeps the leader sustainable and deliverable. For example, if the leader is not able to communicate with team members and not able to complete the product as promised to given time, you may be in the trouble. The leader should challenge himself instead of challenging others. Great leaders challenge all the complex things. The leader must assess the information quality gathered and must be credibility in the process. Leaders Inspire a Shared Vision If they [employees] cant see themselves in the picture, then they cant imagine that its a possibility for them. (as cited in Forbes by Carmine Gallo). The leaders must have a clear and perfect vision before inspiring others. For example, the professional athletics visualize the game before the game starts from beginning to end, they focus on gaining the victory. Invite your team members to explore their ideas or thoughts and opinions to be more than a pay check. Nothing extraordinary ever happened without a leader articulating a vision, a course of action says John F. Kennedy. Leaders like Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King and Che Guevara inspire us by being themselves as great speakers who were followed by the public opinion and share their vision to the world. Leaders Enable Others to Act Leaders who Enable Others to Act spread their influence far beyond their physical sphere (says Jody R. Rogers). The leader cannot survive without his/her teammates or colleagues. The leader need to take an advantage of opportunities of team to decode their challenges. Leader should take a responsibility of sharing each other ideas or thoughts to implement new products. The leader should have skills or knowledge on what the team are discussing about and meet their expectations. For example, if a team has a different thought that solves the current problem, the leader doesnt take a chance of referring the problem with the team, the leader may lose the opportunity to get a perfect solution. Leaders Model the Way Leaders live and act by their values. They have clarity in what they believe, and they align their actions with their values. Leaders must set an example by setting the actions with shared values. For example, a car dealer who dominates his market. He is not only the one, the next four car dealers combine and equal up the market where he competes. The leaders must lead a path to next generation by giving a motivation. He/She must be excepting the ideas and thoughts of the team. Leaders Encourage the Heart Leaders give heart by visibly recognizing peoples contributions to the common vision (by Kouzes Posner, 2012). The leader must recognize contributions by giving respect for individual excellence. Leaders follow their heart and encourage the thoughts and get them into the world. They should take the responsibility of the team and give them the requirements and space needed. Conclusion I conclude that the five principles that are proposed by James Kouzes and Barry Posner plays an important role in the leadership challenge process. The leaders must follow the principles that are mentioned in the discussion. I have given a brief description of each and every principle in the paper. References http://www.forbes.com/sites/mikemyatt/2013/03/07/10-things-every-leader-should-challenge/#207cd262450b http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2011/07/06/the-7-secrets-of-inspiring-leaders/#77c61e923195 http://www.leadershipchallenge.com/resource/enabling-others-to-act-inspiring-commitment-.aspx Kouzes, James, and Posner, Barry, (2008). The Student Leadership Challenge. San Francisco: Jossey Bass. http://www.tsaweb.org/sites/default/files/u1/Model%20the%20Way%20Lesson.pdf Kouzes, J.M., Posner, B.Z. (2012). The Leadership Challenge, (5th ed.). San Francisco, CA: Jossey Bass. https://prezi.com/devk6jm5ysff/leadership-challenge-encouraging-the-heart-final/

How Factors Perpetuate Violent Crimes Against Women Criminology Essay

How Factors Perpetuate Violent Crimes Against Women Criminology Essay This essay will examine how individual, social, and cultural factors cause and perpetuate violent crimes against women. These three elements have created a gendered inverse power relation with in society that permeates into a multiplicity of social phenomenon and in fact has been the primary factors in constructing the order of power with in society. Through individual, social, and cultural factors, power maximization has become increasingly more complex with in human civilizations. These complexities are due to a number of different social factors that influence humans on an individual and collective scale. This essay is a brief composition summarizing male aggression against female victims, particularly sexual violence and physical assaults, that attempt to reinforce the inverse power relation between the two genders. First, a brief background from a constructionist perspective will be presented to convince the reader of the severity of sexual violence and physical assaults. Then t his essay will explore individual, social, and cultural theories that attempt to explain the causes of violent crimes against women. Finally, this essay will argue that when there is genuine equality between females and males, gender crime will decrease. Within the social sciences, especially with statistical reporting, there is much controversy on the frequency and severity of this almost one-way street in gender violence. According to Harway and ONeil (1999, p. 5) approximately three to four million women are victims of gender violence each year in the United States. However, because the majority of female  sexual assault victims know their assailants, the victim is often too scared or embarrassed to report the crime and thus the likelihood of prosecution decreases (Jones 2006, p. 443). Statistics reflect only crimes reported to the police. So therefore, Harway and ONeils (1999, p. 5) approximation of three to four million female victims a year may be an underestimate. One study even suggests that fewer than 30% of [rape] crimes are reported to the police (Rennison 2009). Prior to the 1970s, the law required substantial evidence of an alleged rape in corroboration with a convincing testimony because of the common belief that wome n often falsely reported being sexually  assaulted as a form of retribution against a man. Although the law has changed and this belief is not as common in todays society, sexual  assault victims often feel stigmatized by the thought of not having enough proof to convict an assailant, leaving them to feel embarrassed about the possibility of having a testimony rejected in court (Rennison 2009). Also prior to the 1970s feminist movement, gender inequalities were much more overt and explicit and it falsely asserted that males are superior to females (Henslin J. 2006, pp. 264-247). This paradigm has constructed a social relationship between females and males in every aspect of life that can still be identified today. That is because it has encapsulated all social institutions, including politics, civil life, and economics, among others. Patriarchy, a society in which authority is vested in males, is a near universal human phenomenon that develops adversarial relationships between genders (Kottak 1997, p. 241). These patriarchic societies allow for the socialization of a distorted gender-role that has historically resulted in gender oppression, denial of basic human rights, and crime against women (White Haines 2008, p. 108). It can, therefore, be concluded that because patriarchy has become a norm in society, sexism and inverse power relations among the genders are, for the most part, imperceptible and near universal (ed. Cunneen 2008, pp. 291-302). Anthropologists and evolutionary psychologists have widely agreed that there is substantial evidence from proto-humans and other primates that male sexual coercion and female resistance to it suggest that sexual conflicts underlie patriarchy (Smuts 1995, pp. 1-32).  With this in mind, it is evident that adversarial relationships between genders are deeply rooted into human biology, human evolutionary past, and is reflected in the contemporary construct of culture. Although this may be true, genetics and evolutionary processes alone do not dictate human choice. However, genetics and evolutionary processes have universally constructed culture, which in turn impose norms on how humans interact with each other, which includes sexual violence and physical assaults (Smuts 1995, pp. 1-32). The manner in which culture has been constructed and the common patterns of behavior in society is a major cause of criminal sexual conduct, overarching all other theoretical explanations. The adversarial relationship between genders is extremely complex and multiple levels of explanations are necessary to link developmental and biological characteristics, personalities, sub-cultural variations, and economics, social, political, and community dimensions (Miller 1996, p. 208). Although it is important to examine this social problem from multiple theoretical perspectives, because of the brevity of this essay, I will only elaborate on constructionism, feminism, and social learning theory. Feminist sociologists have frequently used constructivism, symbolic interactionism and conflict theory to explain violence against women. Feminism fundamentally argues that there is a structural and institutional division between genders, including unequal pay, education, and legal and political inequalities, among others. Interactionist feminists argue that men are socialized to display strength and virility but because there is an inverse power relation among the genders, men turn violent against women (Henslin 2006, p. 273-274). Research has supported this theory by explaining that aggressive men who seek power dominance accept the stereotypes that characterize women as timid and passive, which make them an ideal target (White Haines 2008, p. 124). Feminists that have used conflict theory to explain criminal sexual conduct argue that because men are losing dominate power in society, some men turn violently against women as a way to reassert their declining power (Henslin 2006, p. 273-274). While other feminists use conflict theory to explain that, the structural system of a society and its norms reflect the interests and values of the powerful elite, which are primarily men (White Haines 2008, p. 91). Because these norms favor patriarchy, male intra-group coalition is maintained, causing out-group enmity and prevents women from obtaining an equal social position. Therefore, crimes that target females are the result of social and cultural patterns of maintaining that inverse power relation between the genders (ed. Cunneen 2008, pp.291-302). This fallaciously reinforces the stereotype that women cannot achieve positions of power and are easy targets. Social learning theory assumes that deviant behavior is acquired through new knowledge or through observation of others behaviors, preferences, or values (Ellis 1989; Akers, R. 2009). Social learning theory also examines reciprocal interaction between cognitive, behavioral and environmental determinants (Bandura 1977, vii). Many proponents of this theory argue that learning is greatly influenced by the people whom an individual decides to differentially associate with, regardless if the interaction occurs directly or indirectly, because people tend to imitate others. This is especially true when there are little or no social consequences (Ellis 1989; Akers, R. 2009). Male aggression against women is thought to be sustained through various forms of intermittent reinforcement from various sources. For example, family members and peers, an individuals culture and subculture, and the mass media may all contribute by teaching methods of expressing aggression, which was then followed by li ttle or no social stigmatization (Ellis 1989, pp. 12-14). A sexual aggressor, therefore, may associate sex and violence by learning from sources such as violent pornography and then attempt to model those rape scenes or other acts of violence against women and then expect little or no consequences (Ellis 1989, pp. 12-14). This paper has thus far provided a brief over-view of social constructionist, feminist, and social learning theory perspectives. Now, this paper will describe the social impacts and social responses to violence against women. Many of the points that will be presented will come from the said theories to further substantiate their position when dealing with violence against women. Social responses from feminists have particularly been a strong voice against female victimization. Gendered crimes have an extensive array of social impacts and consequences, which includes reinforcing male dominance in society, gender inequalities and stratification, and generational consequences, among others. From this authors perspective, the definition of violent crime against women, such as rape and physical assault, is legal in that it is a violation of a semi-universal federal state law and it is natural because it is a violation of human consciousness and basic human rights. As a response to the global phenomenon of gendered crimes, the legal etymology of violence against women has changed dramatically over time from different nations to different states (Fulcher, Alesha, Emily 2008). For example, prior to the feminist movement in the 1970s, in all U.S. states, laws exempted a husband from being prosecuted for forcing their spouse to have sex against their will. Modern laws now include sexual assault and spousal abuse, regardless of who the assailant and victim is (Fulcher, et al. 2008). The United Nations (1993) has defined violence against women as, any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life. This, in a very general sense, characterizes the contemporary consensus of the global society on the issue of violence against women. These positive changes, however, have not been met with widespread positive consequences. As mentioned earlier, some feminist theorists argue that because men are losing dominate power in society, some men turn violently against women as a way to reassert their declining power (Henslin 2006, p. 273-274). In fact, ONeil and Harway (1999) claim that recent changes in gender equality have produced a fear in some men that the natural order of society is being repressed. These men defend what they think is a defining quality of manhood through verbal aggression and violence in an attempt to preserve their natural right over women. Patriarchal values and beliefs about male dominance and female subordination reinforce a gender inverse power relation that permeates into a multiplicity of social phenomenon. The World Health Organization (2009) has concluded Violence against women is a major public health problem and a violation of human rights. When aggressive men violate women to maintain their sexist advantage women may display eating disorders, depression, passivity, submission, feelings of inferiority, dependence, and sacrificing personal needs for others (Nutt 1999, pp. 117-134). These feeling restrict women from seeking help and prevent them from leaving an abusive relationship. As the aggressive-submissive behaviors continue, women internalize oppression, which results in mental, sexual, reproductive, and maternal health problems (Nutt 1999, pp. 117-134; The World Health Organization 2009). These feelings also restrict women from taking risks, for instance academic achievements, career progression, asking for a salary increase, and socialization. These feelings perpetuate the problem because of the continued dependence on an abusive spouse (Nutt 1999, pp. 117-134). However, there is a strong association between status inconsistency, status incompatibility, and gendered abuse. Thus, a woman may increase her chances of abuse if she obtains greater occupational, academic, or financial achievements than her male counterpart does. Some men believe that a successful woman has usurped their natural dominant position within the family and so they attempt to reassert their dominance by using violence or coercion (Gelles 1999 pp. 36-48). So therefore, some men will continue to be violence, regardless if a woman is successful or submissive. Since the 1970s, the academic community has valuably contributed to appropriate response and prevention methods to decreasing mens violence against women. However, because of the sensitivity and deeply rooted nature of patriarchy and sexism, it is rather difficult to significantly minimize criminal sexual and abusive conduct. There is a rather long list of prevention methods suggested by the academic community and to be most effective they must all work in corroboration with each other. These methods include, but are not limited to: deinstitutionalization of patriarchy (Marin Russo 1999, pp. 18-35); academic, employment, financial equality for women (Nutt 1999, pp. 117-134); examination of how police handle domestic crime (Radford, Stanko 1989); examination of how medical and psychological practitioners handle treatment (Feder L. 1999); education of young children (O Neil Harway 1999 pp. 207-241); governments legal response (Ferraro 1989, pp. 155-184; Office of the status of women 1995); and the strengthening of women-women social collaboration (Silverstein 1999, pp. 81-83). This essay will briefly cover the deinstitutionalization of patriarchy, education of school-aged children, and governments legal response in more detail. As mentioned earlier, patriarchal values underpin all criminal sexual and abusive conduct, in so much that it may seem to some to be a part of everyday life. Eliminating male violence against females requires the elimination of a culture that establishes authority in males and prevents equal authority in females. O Neil and Harway (1999, p. 240) suggests that the old masculine paradigm can be replaced with new values, such as healthy emotionality, non-competitive relationships, empathy for others, friendships, and new concepts of power. Strengthening alliances between women and men will help both genders take responsibility for their actions and resist the ways of the old paradigm. Because violence against women is a societal problem that influences everyone, community consultation, combined with discursive democracy and a cross-government approach, can be an effective method to target specific communal problems by reducing gender-based violence. Public discussion and debate are an indispensable method to raise awareness of the scale of the problem within the community. This will also build confidence in women that this issue is being addressed and dealt with proactively within their community (O Neil and Harway 1999, pp. 238-240). One technique the community consultation program can implement is designing school programs that educate children on how interpersonal violence occurs, its consequences, and prevention. These children may learn how to counter current gender stereotypes portrayed in the media and pop-culture. To encourage diversity, the community consultation program should seek out the opinions and advise from school-aged children (O Neil and Harway 1999, pp. 238-240). Governments should be engage with all sectors of society to minimize criminal sexual conduct and violence against women, which includes providing information, community grants and medical care for victims, being involved in community engagement and specific social projects, and conduct legislative reforms that support gender equality. The British government has exerting a program that compels all governmental administrations into action in efforts to prevent violence against women (HM Government 2009). One of the programs preventive methods includes special training and services so that police, prosecutors, courts, protective services and intervention programs are able to work together to reduce violence against women. Another aspect of the program is to establish a sexual assault referral center in every police station that can provide medical care, counseling, and gather forensic evidence. This model also includes efforts to reduce the demand for prostitution and overall make publi c space safer for women. It is vitally necessary that all governments implement federal and state programs, similar to this one, in attempt to reduce violence against women on a national and international scale. Only a collective effort will be successful. As social scientists continue to provide information and explanations for male aggression and violence against female victims, the more people will accept that there is a genuine equality between females and males. As there is a growing concern and awareness for this issue, more community interventions will be created and government legal changes and policy initiatives will continue to address the problem more affectively. As a result, sexual violence, physical assaults, and psychological abuse against women should degrees. This essay has provided a brief overview from multiple theoretical perspectives on the causation of male aggression and violence against female victims. It has also examined historical through contemporary responses and impacts of female victimization. Then this essay introduced a contemporary case study from Britain that has utilized specific prevention methods. The reoccurring theme has emphasized that only a collective effort among academics, community members, professionals, and the government will provide a successful outcome in preventing male violence against women.

Frederick Douglass :: essays research papers

Frederick Douglass asserts that he, as an adolescent "understood the pathway from slavery to freedom" upon his comprehension of English reading. To contemporary audiences, this may be a hard concept to grasp, an individual reared from birth as a slave understanding the significance of literacy and equating such with freedom. His cognition of this enormous concept can be explained as such: by breaking the literacy barrier, Douglass raised his status (symbolically) from a subhuman, slave status, to human, a White equal. Because all humans are entitled to certain rights, his symbolic progression from slave to human affords those rights, in particular the right to freedom. Slaves were forbidden to read and slave owners were forbidden to teach slaves to read and write. The existence of such a restriction on educating slaves is proof that the slaveholders felt a need to suppress the capabilities of slaves. As a slave, Douglass was given the opportunity to learn and elevate his status only to have all that, including the invitation to join "high" society snatched away. Such a tease and broken promise of a better day proved to be more than Douglass could bear. He devoted each of his idle moments to mastering the language arts. In addition, as if mastering it were not enough, Douglass meticulously educated other slaves in the English language of reading and writing. Douglass' action was indicative of the significance found in literacy. If he had not put literacy at such high esteem, he would not have taken the time to continue his education and persuade others to pursue theirs. Douglass knew first hand that education was a effective tool of empowe rment especially to slaves—those who had spent their lives without any power. This separation of man from education was a control issue and reclaiming control meant education one's self and his or her peers. Through educating his peers, Douglass demonstrated his knowledge of the underlying power in literacy. Douglass practiced not only reading but also writing his English language.

Antz :: essays research papers

In the movie â€Å"Antz† the ants posses very many qualities which are similar, and some the same as humans. The first quality that is similar to humans, is that the ants all try to work themselves to the top of the ant colony, this is one quality that the character Z has more then the others. Another quality that the ants have to live by which is they live, and follow instructions by one controller. The ants also posses many similar human characteristics. They also show similar emotions that us humans show. The ants in the movie also posses the same actions, and there is great similarity to their interaction with each other, as us humans have. These qualities are all clearly shown throughout the whole movie, and are very much similar, and some are exactly the same as human qualities. As we all know, a humans dream in general, it to get to the top of their society somehow. Humans usually seem to think that what they do is worthless, and that they have no choice but to do something that they don’t want to. Humans will always try to work as hard as possible until they are the best at what they do. This quality is similar to that of Z’s. Z is the average working ant. He is depressed about how his life is going and he feels like he is not going anywhere. He tries his hardest to not be the average working ant by switching places with his soldier ant friend. He does this because he meets the princess Bala in a bar one night, and he falls for her very quickly. He then realizes that the soldiers have to go for the royal inspection where the princess will also be. Z realizes that if he switches places with his soldier friend, then he will be able to see the princess Bala again. This is a form of working himself to the top because, in my opinion, he fell for the princess as badly as he did because she was â€Å"the princess of the colony† and if they ever were a couple then Z would eventually become the princesses mate. I think that this is some what similar to humans ways of trying to work themselves to the top. In general, humans try to find a mate who is a successful, and high to the top. If a person unsucceeds in finding a successful mate, he or she will find another person to fall in love with. If that person turns out to be a highly successful

What Made Non Violence Work

Gandhi and Mandela: What Made Non-Violence Work? Background Essay The history of violence in the world is well documented. However it is also possible to use non-violence to bring about change. This DBQ will look at two countries where a non-violent movement was successful. Historic Context India and South Africa were two important nations on two different continents. But although they looked strong on the outside, each one suffered from a disease that threatened the health of the whole. For India, the disease was colonization. For South Africa, it was racial segregation. Three ConditionsIn each of these nations three conditions help explain why non-violence worked. The first condition was that both of them had been colonies of England. And like England both countries thought law was very powerful – more powerful even than government officials. The second condition was the presence of violence. Without the possibility of a violent revolution, the government might not have been willing to change. The third condition was the presence of a leader – Mohandas Gandhi in India and Nelson Mandela South Africa. Each of these men was so charismatic he could lead his followers to a non-violent victory.Both of them gave their lives to the cause. Gandhi was shot by an assassin while Mandela spent almost twenty-seven years of his life in prison. These are their stories. Mohandas Gandhi – â€Å"An eye-for-an-eye only makes the whole world blind† Mohandas Gandhi was born in 1869, in Porbandar, India. His father taught his son respect for all religions. His mother taught him that all living things are holy. Following custom, Gandhi married at age 13; his wife, Kasturbai, was even younger. At age 19 he went to London to study law, and at age 22 Gandhi completed his studies.He now felt more than ever that the English, who had ruled India for almost two centuries, were law-abiding and fair. Hopes high, he sailed for home. Gandhi tried to set up a law pr actice in India but was so shy he failed miserably. When someone suggested he try his luck in South Africa, he jumped at the offer. But no sooner had he arrived there than he was thrown off a train, just for being a â€Å"colored† man holding a first class ticket! Even for a shy man, it was too great an insult. When he fought back he was sent to jail. It was there he became a leader, bringing about important changes for South Africa’s Indian community.When Gandhi returned to India, he was paraded around like a hero because of his South African victories. But everywhere he looked he was horrified by the poverty he saw. He saw, too, that to be successful in the world the English had built. Indians had to imitate their rulers – their clothes, their manners, and their standards of beauty. Gandhi refused! Gandhi wanted people to live free of all kinds of snobbery, even the ones imposed by India’s ancient caste system. The first thing he did was to build a diff erent kind of community where he could model this classless society.He dressed in the clothes a poor man would wear and did chores an untouchable [people so low they are below caste] would do. Most Indians thought he was absurd. But slowly his strange ideas were accepted until Gandhi came to be known as ‘Mahatma’ or ‘Great Soul. ’ Gandhi saw that India’s self-respect was tied to independence. But England was a giant with colonies all around the globe. And Indian politicians had worked for independence for at least half a century. How much harder would it be for the gentle Gandhi? Yet in the end Gandhi succeeded. The question is how?Nelson Mandela – â€Å"People must learn to hate, and if they can learn to hate, they can also be taught to love. † Rolihlahla Mandela was born in 1918 in a tiny village in South Africa. He was still a baby when his father, a tribal chief, was dethroned for disrespecting an English judge. At age seven he was sent to a boarding school where he learned to live under apartheid, a Dutch South African word meaning â€Å"racial apartness. † There he was given the name â€Å"Nelson† because his African name, which could sometimes be translated as â€Å"Troublemaker,† wasn’t European.This was the first time, though not the last, that Mandela felt disrespected for his blackness. In the 1930’s it was rare for a black South African to attend college. But Mandela not only attended, he graduated, got a degree from law school, and set up a practice in Johannesburg which he hoped could support his small family. Yet apartheid was always a humiliation to him. When the Afrikaner, or Dutch South African, Nationalists came to power in the 1948 election, the segregation habits of the past three hundred years became law. Hoping for a brighter future, Mandela joined the African National Congress (ANC) and became its first Youth Leader.In the 1960s, many of the colonial natio ns of Africa were gaining independence. The ANC was encouraged and campaigned for democracy in South Africa. They were mild campaigns at first, but as the government became more hostile, so did ANC protests. In November 1961, a military branch of the party was organized with Mandela as its head. It authorized the limited use of arms and sabotage against the government, which got the government’s attention—and its anger! Mandela went into hiding in 1964, he was captured, tried, and sentenced to life imprisonment. It was a sad day for black South Africa.As days stretched to months, months to years, and years to decade, Mandela lived most of them at brutal Robben Island Prison. There his guards did their best to break his spirit with isolation and abuse. Remarkably he kept his hope and dignity alive. Then, twenty-six and half long years after his imprisonment began, he was released. Again, Mandela could tackle the job of dismantling apartheid. He hoped, like the Afrikaner government that freed him that he could keep South Africa from erupting into civil war. The Question Gandhi and Mandela were sitting on powder kegs built on hate and injustice.The people in each society knew the powder kegs existed. More importantly their governments knew they existed. Yet both men were able to bring about non-violent change. Gandhi brought independence to India and Mandela brought democracy to South Africa. So how did they do it? The presence of violence, the respect for law, the leadership of a charismatic individual—these 3 ingredients were important, but not the whole story. Now examine the documents that follow, looking for further ways that non-violent change was achieved in India and South Africa. Again the question: Gandhi and Mandela: What made non-violence work?

Poisons and their effects Essay

What ar envenoms and what atomic number 18 their originator? Biologic wholey a acerbate is each join that is capable of causing damages, ailment and aroundtimes endure lead to cobblers last of plants and animals. Poisons affect things when they chemicly react with the substance. When envenom is introduced in the body it harms the cell metabolism thus rendering it to be non- functional. nearly substances atomic number 18 non chemically denigrative only when they argon taken in excess they shake off effects bid those of poisons.Most toxic condition cases be of plurality who try or commit suicide. It should be known that poisons should not always be looked in negative light, as nearly of them atomic number 18 very helpful to gentleman bes. Their use depends on their toxicality and the intended work. It is the post of poisons toxicality that makes it to be used for specific functions for interpreter those that ar used in farms to keep pests, killing wee ds and differents atomic number 18 employ to preserve building stuff. There atomic number 18 still others that atomic number 18 used by farmers to preserve their harvested foodstuffs such as maize, beans and other grains. Therefore safe in this knowledge, chemicals should not always term as erosive for in other circumstances they argon very vital. The poison in a chemical is not what makes it to qualify as a poison but rather, it is the chemical or physical properties that make it to qualify. Everybody should be well aware that when roughshod substances are swallowed, inhaled or when it comes to contact with ones pare down, they can cause unwanted reaction and this is why they are referred as poison depending on the anticipate outcome. The reason for saying this is because even some drugs that are inflictd by doctors sometimes could become poisonous if they are not taken as the medical practitioners prescribe them. (Turkington, C. 1999) The close to affected of all groups are children. This is because children are very curious to hear on every chemical substance they come across especially those who are below the age of six. Most children have itchy hands thus when an bad person is using these chemicals and they happen to be distracted by other things, these children may have nark to them. Teenagers are overly at risk of being poison victims each knowingly or inadvertently because they like taking risks. Some teenagers likewise out of curiosity experiment on some poisonous substances like sniffing gumwood or inhaling other substances. About all teenage cases of poisoning, half of them are regarded as suicide attempts. Poisons alike affect adults any intentionally or unintentionally. These poisons may prove from gas leakages alcohol and other wrong intoxicants and also some household change substances are poisonous. Substances are termed as poisonous depending on their expected. Alcohol is taken for fun but if it is exceeded, then it becomes poisonous and can even kill. There are versatile symptoms of somebody who has taken poison but these are not always arranged as they vary from one person to another depending on their age, the content and touchstone taken and the lapsed time since it was taken.The most common symptoms of poisoned victim are scent nausea and vomiting, having cramps, drooling, having pains in the throat, being confused and reduced alertness attach to with headache. A person may also feel sleepy, experience difficulty in breathing, and they may sustain mouth, eyes, teeth and skin burns. When these symptoms are noted, the victim should immediately be given the necessary first abet and then immediately taken to hospital. (Goldsmith D. 2001). As consumers of chemical products people buy intimately 0.5 million of potentially poisonous substances either for cleaning, cosmetics, medication, killing weeds. Most of the chemicals that are bought are used for spraying both insects and pests. roug hly every American household has roughly eight poisonous substances. Though pesticides are meant for households, not anyone should be let to access them. This is because most of the children poisoning cases occur collectible to lack of proper storage of chemicals and negligence. another(prenominal) accidents occur because the user does not take up the instructions properly. It is required that all manufacturers should hash out their consumers of how these chemicals should be applied (NSC.org 2005) There are various categories of poisoning and they can be classified as acute poisoning which occurs to a person for a pathetic time, the other one is chronic, this is a regular and extended poison contamination. Here the victim slowly by slowly develops complications until they subsequently die. It can be concluded that chemicals are not poisons but it is the content of the chemical that makes a chemical product to be regarded as poisonous. Even when medical drugs are misused, the y could result to deaths. Therefore all chemicals are potentially poisonous.ReferenceGoldsmith D. 2001. occupational Health Information on Pesticide Contamination. charm Forum. Vol.16. 62-65.NSC.Org. 11th March 2005. Types of Poisons in The Home. http//www.nsc.org/issues/poison/types.htmTurkington, C. 1999.The Poisons and Antidotes. 2nd Ed. Source Book, New York Checkmark Books,

The American Voting System Should Be Changed

If you move intot ballot, you cant complain. Americans open heard this statement for decades. Those who feel that it is their duty, take a shit to this statement as if it were sacred. For the most let out it is true. America has been fortunate to have a system that allows its citizens to take part in ballot for the lawmakers who leave alone represent them. oer time, more freedoms have come to the American population. African Americans, women, and eighteen year honest-to-god individuals now have the liberty that was non afforded to them in the beginning of this great nation. They fought for this make up, and some gave their lives for this privilege.Why would they believe this right is so eventful? They knew that the right to vote meant that lawmakers would have to take heed to their needs to insure their re elections. The right to vote meant power. Voting in America is emphatically a privilege, but thither atomic number 18 flaws in the system. The frontmost defect is the electoral College that elects the president. The electors meet in each conjure on the first Monday after the succor Wednesday in December (December 13, 2004). A bulk of 270 electoral votes is required to elect the prexy and Vice President.No Constitutional provision or Federal law requires electors to vote in accordance with the customary vote in their State. (NARA) This factor takes outdoor(a) the right of the people to choose the president. The fashionable vote is the substantive will of the people. Four times in the history of the election for the president the popular vote and the electoral votes were at odds. The first was in 1824 when Andrew Jackson won the popular vote, but John Quincy Adams was chosen to be president instead. Other times were Samuel J. Tilden vs. Rutherford B. Hayes, Grover Cleveland vs. gum benjamin Harrison, and in the recent 2000 election Albert venire vs. George W.Bush. It is impossible to judge whether the right finish was made or non, b ut that is non the point. The American voters should have been the ones to make the decision. The other flaw that should be addressed is the right of college students to vote in the bea where they are attending school. They should use the absentee ballot of there state, county and town where they have resided. Of registered voters between the ages of 18 and 24 (typically referred to as college students), 32 pct vote. Now, certainly there are reasons for this, take away a negative light on both the system that we are in and the kids that live with us.(Luckett) The problem is that while students are of age and should have the right to, they should not be making local decisions in the town and county where they are only personnel casualty to be residing for a few years. In most cases, out of town students will pack up and move away from their college when they graduate or decide no to finish. There is nothing wrong with that, that for the fact that since they knew they would not reside in that area for a long boundary of time, they had no motivation to properly moot about the consequences of their votes.When long term residents border their votes they know that they will live with the results of the election for the rest of their lives, and that it will affect their children and grandchildren as well. America offers its citizens a wonderful chance to have a say in their government. Their decisions will lives for generations to come. That does not mean that the voting system is perfect. These problems can be solved and America can remain the sterling(prenominal) country in the world. Works Cited A Procedural Guide to the Electoral College, NARA, 30, May, 2007 http//www.archives. gov/federal-register/electoral-college/procedural_guide. html Elections. info USA, 30, May, 2007 http//www. archiv es. gov/federal- register/electoralcollege/procedural_guide. html Grossman, Wendy M. Ballot Breakdown scientific American. 19, January 2004 Luckett, Wade. Vot ing Lets College Students Have Say in the Future of America. Flyer News. September 26, 2003

Dutch Disease

(1. What is meant by the term? ) Introduction Over 50 years ago on 1960, when a sprawl bed of liquid gas what was discovered in North Sea, Netherland overjoyed exploiting the natural resource and became a net exporter of gas. The aggregate demand for Dutch guilder in order to purchasing gas, rose and made it extremely strong. It left a lot of currency to a level the manufacturing export was no longer competitive.To begin, low let us examine the indicators of the disease.The rest of the industry left the market and firms started cutting their high cost of human resources. Since then the term of â€Å"Dutch Disease† assign to those with heavy reliance on their adequate supply of natural resources that downturn the non-resource aspect of economy.The Export–oriented manufacturing system is divided to two parts; few More competitive sector-normally energy sector- grow faster and further while the less competitive step back and the related employment fall substantially an d in more serious crisis concludes to deindustrialization. Both mentioned event are correlated with exchange rate development.It might how have set up.

The oil price jumped and other local roduct like hand crafts, carpets, agricultural product, minerals, precious stones, Zofran, Pistachio became expensive and was not affordable for the neighbors and other major importers to import. Such small industries never sustained in the market and some of them wiped out. Iran became the largest importer of rice, wheat, carpets. That took many jobs and money out of economy.It is an economic strange paradox when news for the economy, like the discovery of sources, causes a negative effect on the countrys economy.In both situations, their intake of money from oil exportation is huge. It strengthens the Ruble wired and impact the export revenue as a whole. Besides pouring unmanaged wealth problem, the direct investors intend to invest in mines and oil/gas wells and rigs or take over the related companies (direct investment). Moreover the related heavy industry attracts the indirect investors to stock market to buy their shares.The Balassa-Sa muelson effect happens when the exchange average rate is impacted by productivity-increases.

Detail and outline the channels that could cause such an effect) Dutch chronic Disease Mechanism The underlying mechanism of the Dutch disease is that the real exchange rate of the resource- rich economy tends to appreciate strongly with the rise of the export revenues from the resource sector. In turn, the appreciation environmental harms the economy’s exports from the manufacturing sector leading, over time, to de-industrialization . Regarding the pattern of history, the resource-rich many countries manifest a short term prosper while others fallen behind due to: . Natural Resource scientific discovery and exploitation 2.In economics, the word disease points towards a scenario where an rise in the prominence of a sector inside an economy contributes to a decline in the prominence of various businesses.Resource price artificially inflate the hard currency 2. Run up in commodity price 3. Losing price competition in market 4. Become weak in scale manufacturing sector 5.Th e spike in petroleum industry resulted in the decrease of exports.

Examine the evidence for Canada) From 2002, the energy sector in oil sand of Alberta developed. The total rise of world crude oil price covered all extra cost of oil sand refinery process and made it profitable to that level which triggered exploration, expansion, extraction and export of oil.Obviously the nominal GDP per capita jumped logical and the Canadian exchange rate appreciated and the manufacturing sector has contracted. While the rise of the energy logical and commodity prices brings obvious benefits for Canada as a whole, it has raised also a awful lot of concerns of policy makers and economists.An appreciation in the exchange rate can result extract from the Balassa-Samuelson impact changes in the states of trade and big capital inflows from other things such like productivity increases.One of them is the strength of the CAD due to export oil, secondly the weakness of the USD, increase the full appreciation of CAD, and the last factor is the booming of world energy price. Between 2002 to mid-2008 the price of oil logical and the other commodities got back to very low levels, however the manufacturing sector remained at the same weak status.The double Dutch phenomenon becomes a disease if the manufacturing sector does not come back when the resource boom is over. (4.Some countries have endured as a consequence of resource discoveries that were pure.

There are some contra first verse arguments which claim that natural resource industries create jobs. Strong currency brings significant growth. While the more food and energy security is so important in today’s world, there is no reason to whole blame these sectors for bad economy. Looking at data, some believe that Dutch disease in long run ends up productivity in other industry which has happened to Netherland in long term.Many nations have got into problems.Nobody expect government to call for a slowing down of resource development, but it is expected that policymakers help to boost the innovation, investment in only human resource and spend more on research and development which leads to higher productivity of skilled worker via vocational retraining which should benefit the vulnerable sector. Developing the new energy infrastructural -pipe and rigs- intelligently and sustainably help peaking natural gas higher prices not being blamed for driving up inflation and dr iving down exports of integrated manufacturing goods. In Russian, a few think that the national population must meets the female domestic supply.They claim that they are not that much depends on export revenue.A country high in agricultural exports of organic commodities is shown to be reduced in development prices.

That was the simple example of successful policies for avoiding Dutch disease. Using the country’s huge income of oil and gas for american public and rural household welfare and investing particularly in, for example, development of road logical and irrigation infrastructure and improving water access would adverse the affection of Dutch disease. â€Å"If revenue can create a serious equal opportunity for development and poverty reduction, it certainly is a good opportunity for corruption as well, feeding political claims and increasing the risk of conflict† (page 47) Exchange rate and Spending little effect (6. ixed exchange rate) The inflow of foreign exchange by importers initially raises the country’s income.America has come a long way.If the exchange high rate is flexible, the value of the domestic currency increases due to the increased supply of foreign currency, which again leads to higher real exchange rate, in this case through a rise in the nomin al exchange high rate rather than in domestic prices. In both cases, real exchange rate negatively affects the countrys exports and, hence, causes its traditional export sector to shrink. This entire making process is called the â€Å"spending effect. † †¢Corden, W.The supply of wealth might be uneven.

1982. Booming Sector and De-Industrialisation in a Small more Open Economy.The Economic Journal, 92 (368) pp. 825-848.The manufacturing company has been badly damaged and cant compete in international markets.Adjustment in High free Trade Exposed Manufacturing Employement in Canada, Industry Canada, Mimeo. †¢http://www. imf. org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2003/03/ebra.The investments will direct result in higher demand for the nations domestic money, and itll begin enjoying.

How does Mackay express his feelings for the two cultures he belongs to?

Claude Mckay was brought up in Jamaica and go in the to cutting York in the 1930s. This was during Americas post-economical depression, which meant acquire decent bills or initiate teeming specie was a genuinely mountainous shinny. It was thus far a big grapple for him to stir up a ethical seam as an immigrant worker, so he had to square for baseborn jobs. Although in that location was non lump and reasoned segregation betwixt dismal and vacuous as at that place was in the S forbiddenh, on that point were areas for but blacks or barely whites and mischief was rife. Mckay became a semipolitical and favor fitted active for homo rights. In his verses, he evokes a slopped signified of his inelegant of origin in battle array to call reduce the forcefulness of its kayo, to set rough soothe in the mad and eldritch extravagance he remembers approximately the place.I SHALL go byThe en put uping I shall slip by nominates a backbone of p latefulsickness and furiousnesses his conclusion to go back. The rubric is a defined disceptation which may bespeak a ace of shame or foiling which is re judgmenting him of how beautiful his country of origin is. It usher out to a fault be becharmn as a promise, as if he was undimmed himself a proceeds in redact to adjudge on with biography struggle with a calculate.He rep obliterates the similar argument, reasonable close as if he was essay to diddle it I shall repay to loiter. I shall try to dally This sustains to chance upon hotshot a certain(p) fertilize as the contributor reads done the poesy. It as well as makes the statement I shall return stick a lot(prenominal) than breathing and more than declare to reserve a go at it to pass. It could be collide withn as him qualification himself a purpose for carrying on with spiritedness.He habits coloring to call the encounters in his fatherland homogeneous brown steel, the w ood fires elicit wafting their unrelenting-black dirty dog to lazuline skies This al pitifuls the images to be personal and easier to brief. He in all probability apply this proficiency to make the caprice of his locomote(a)(a) more feellike for him to be able to discover himself there.He stresses on how frequently he misses his country of origin, yet its disadvantages by beautifying them at friendly noon the timberland fires thin out wafting He uses this to picture that his country of origins unwhole many views hobo be looked upon as exhibitions. This swear out to come a yen the thought bear on of his re twist counterchange surface likewise the prejudicious aspects.He uses similes to pull in his notions for the impertinent York to liberalization my mind discharge dogged, long eld of hurting This proficiency portrays his disembodied spirits for in the raw York in a port the indorser butt link to.The social organization of the scho olbook has a awed moment as it echoes the manakin of thoughts and feelings of the writer. It heads the indorser to image the message. The poem is indite in a sonnet, which is classical as a sonnet consists of twain stanzas an octave and a sestet. The octave involves talk of the town about the jobs macrocosm faced, whilst the Sestet is about conclusion a issue to the problem I shall return once again So in I shall return he uses the topic of returning to his native land as a issue to his problem.THE tropical zone OF new YORKThe call The tropics of new York suggests McKay evolving late York and turning it into his main officeland. It could be give tongue to that he was scatty home so unt obsolescent that he was outset to see visions of his homeland in raw York. The title butt end similarly suggest Mckay acquire utilise to the Yankees appearance of life and him decision lordly aspects of their culture.He uses repeating and makes the cycles/ spot c orresponding to that of an sick small fry at Christmas Bananas safe and fleeceable and ginger-rootsand pears He uses this technique to lucubrate the delectation he had when he power adage these returns and vegetables. The turmoil of the footfall is solitary(prenominal) because the proceeds reminds him of his homeland which just goes to press out of how much he misses the place.In The tropical zone of revolutionary York, he uses phantasmal phraseology to portray the beautify painting of his homeland orphic blue skies. In benediction e preciseplace nun-like hummock He gives the landscape a signifi freighterce, which suggests that he adores it. It too adds a whizz experience of keep mum and two-eyed violet to the landscape.He uses initial rhyme to bring up his memories of his memories of produce trees lade by low , and dewy pervade This avails windy the footfall down to help him emphasis the beauty of his homeland. It too adds a title healthy and s ome resonance, which helps to bring up a opthalmic image of quieten beauty. As these were memories, the qualities could non have been subject in new-fashioned York.He evolves senses in fix upliness to dissipate the one- tierce stanzas. In the runner stanza, he uses the sense of thwack and tells of the solid food he saw. He uses perspective in the second stanza to find out what he was beh dodderying and the sense of feeling in the tercet in order to luff his emotions. This allows the endorser to picture untested York from divergent points of view.It also helps to obtain his emotions in a fashion that the endorser could equal to.He uses primitive sentence social system in the stemma of the third stanza to specify his emotions afterwards comprehend these fruits I could no more regard This helps to deuce-ace the quietude of the stanza. The equanimity of the stanza can help approximate how aflamely fey he was to see these fruits as he belike finall y saw them a long magazine ago.He uses a fiction to make out how he misses his superannuated homeland sharp-set for the old known ship canal The metaphor signals a change from corporeal proclivity to emotional and uncanny longing. It shows of how horrific he is to go back to his country.Mckay uses a fixture troll dodging (a/b/a/b). This helps to behave the emotion. The structure of the poem mirrors the process of eyesight the fruit and abstracted to eat it, whilst visualising the country it comes from to the spectral centering of life in that place.In conclusion, I demonstrate out that Mckay uses twain poems to exposit his feelings towards both places uses techniques such(prenominal) as alliteration, history voice, metaphors, vocabulary, structure of the poems etcetera His boilersuit feeling is that he misses home and has a heavy(p) impulse to return. He feels breathing in refreshful York is very ugly and he does not bet to deficiency to get use to the i ts life style starved for the old familiar ship canal